Hacking into Unix System?I will be referring to all the UNIX variants/etc as UNIX so when I say something about UNIX it generally means all the variants (Unix System V variants that is: BSD. SunOS. Ultrix. Xenix etc.) unless I express a variant in particular. Most commonly used passwords during the remote logACCOUNT PASSWORD------- --------root grow - Rarely open to hackerssys sys / system / binbin sys / binmountfsys mountfsysadm admuucp uucpnuucp anonanon anonuser usergames gamesinstall installreboot * See Belowdemo demoumountfsys umountfsyssync syncadmin adminguest guestdaemon daemon Public find Unixes [like Public BBSs] will tell you how to logon if you are a new users. Unfortunatly this phile is not about public access Unixes but I will talk about them briefly later as a UUCP/UseNet/Bitnet communicate for send. OK. You've gotten to the login prompt! Now what you be to do here is register in a valid account. An be usually consists of 8 characters or less. After you enter in an account you will probably get a password prompt of some sort. The prompts may vary as the source code to the login schedule is usually supplied with UNIX or is readily available for remove. come up. The easiest thing I can say to do to login is basically this: Get an account or try the defaults. The defaults are ones that came with the operating system in standard form. The accounts grow mountfsys umountfsys install and sometimes sync are grow aim accounts meaning they have sysop power or total power. The REBOOT login is what as known as a command login which just simply doesn't let you into the operating system but executes a program assigned to it. It usually does just what it says reboot the system. COMMAND LOGINSThere are "command logins" which like reboot kill a dominate then log you off instead of letting you use the dominate interpreter. BSD is notorious for having these and concequently so does MIT's computers. Here are some:rwho - show who is onlinefinger - samewho - sameThese are the most useful since they will furnish the account names that are online thus showing you several accounts that actually exist. When you get an invalid Account label / invalid password or both you will get some kind of error. Usually it is the "login incorrect" message. When the computer tells you that you have done something wrong by either entering an invalid account label or a valid account label but remove password. It does not tell you which mistake you made for obvious reasons. Also when you login incorrectly the error log on the system gets updated letting the sysops(s) know something is a miss. Another error is "Cannot change to home directory" or "Cannot Change Directory." This means that no "home directory" which is essentially the 'grow' directory for an account which is the directory you start off in. On DOS you start in A:\ or C:\ or whatever but in UNIX you start in /homedirectory. [say: The / is used in directories on UNIX not a \ ]. Most systems will log you off after this but some express you that they ordain put you in the root directory [ '/']. Another error is "No bomb". This means that no "bomb" was defined for that particular account. The "shell" will be explained later. Some systems will log you off after this communicate. Others ordain tell you that they will use the regular shell by saying "Using the bourne bomb" or "Using sh" User structure in the UNIX environment. evaluate of UNIX having two levels of security: absolute cater or just a regular user. The ones that have absolute cater are those users at the root aim. Ok now is the time to evaluate in numbers. Unix associates numbers with account names each account will have a number. Some will have the same number. That number is the UID [user-id] of the account the root user id is 0. Any account that has a user id of 0 will undergo root find. Unix does not deal with account names (logins) but rather the number associated with them for instance. If my user-id is 50 and someone else's is 50 with both have absolute power of each other but no-one else. A bomb is an executable schedule which loads and runs when a user logs on and is in the foreground. This "shell" can be any executable schedule and it is defined in the "passwd" file which is the userfile. Each login can have a unique "shell". Ok. Now the bomb that we usually ordain work with is a dominate interpreter. A command interpreter is simply something desire MSDOS's COMMAND. COM which processes commands and sends them to the kernel [operating system]. A shell can be anything as I said before,but the one you want to have is a dominate interpreter. Here are the usual shells you ordain sight:sh - This is the bourne bomb. It is your basic Unix "COMMAND. COM". It hasa "script" language as do most of the command interpreters on Unix systemscsh - This is the "C" shell which ordain allow you to register "C" desire commands ksh - this is the korn bomb. Just another command interpreter tcsh - this is one which is used at MIT I believe. Allows command editing vsh - visual bomb. It is a menu driven deal. Sorta like.. Windows for DOSrsh - restricted bomb OR remote shell. EVERYTHING in Unix is inspect sensitive. This means "Hill" and "forge" are not the same thing. This allows for many files to be able to be stored since "Hill" "hill" "forge" "hiLl" etc can be different files. So when using the [] cram you have to specify capital letters if any files you are dealing with has capital letters. Most everything is lower case thoughCommands to use?ls - this is to get a directory. With no arguments it will just print outfile names in either one column or multi-column create depending on thels schedule you undergo find to example:$ lshithererunmenote textsrc$ the -l change by reversal will give you extended info on the files.$ ls -lrwx--x--x sirhack sirh 10990 runmeand so on... the "rwx--x--x" is the file permission the "rwx--x--x" is the file permission. [Explained Later]the "sirhack sirh" is the owner of the file/group the register is in sirhack = owner sirh = user-group the file is in [explained later]the 10990 is the size of the file in bytes."runme" is the register name cat - this types out a file onto the screen should be used on text files only use it with binary files to alter a user mad [explained later]ex:$ cat note txtThis is a consume text register!$ cp - this copies a file syntax for it is "cp fromfile tofile"$ cp runme runme2$ lshithererunmenote textsrcrunme2Full pathnames can be included as to copy it to another directory.$ cp runme /usr/datwiz/runmemv - this renames a file syntax "mv oldname newname"$ mv runme2 runit$ lshithererunmenote textsrcrunitfiles can be renamed into other directories. $ mv runit /usr/datwiz/run$ lshithererunmenote textsrc$ ls /usr/datwizrunmerunpwd - gives current directory$ pwd/usr/sirhack$ cd src$ pwd/usr/sirhack/src$ cd..$ pwd/usr/sirhack[ the ".." means use the label one directory back. ]$ cd../datwiz[translates to cd /usr/datwiz]$ pwd/usr/datwiz$ cd $home[goto home dir]$ pwd/usr/sirhackrm - remove a file syntax "rm filename" or "rm -r directory name"$ rm note text$ lshithererunmesrc$write - converse with another user. come up. "create verbally" to another user syntax: "write username"$ create verbally scythianscythian has been notifiedHey Scy! What up??Message from scythian on tty001 at 17:32hey!me: So hows life?scy: ok. I guess me: gotta go finish this text register scy: okme: control-D [to exit program]$ mesg - turn create verbally permissions on or off to your terminal (accept converse)change "mesg y" or "mesg n"cc - the C compiler don't mind about.
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